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Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale, kanawao ke‘oke‘o

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs up to 1.5 m tall.

Stems: Stems apparently few–branched or unbranched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–6 nodes. Blades broadly elliptic to broadly elliptic–ovate or elliptic, (10–)15–30 cm long, 5–12 cm wide; those of a pair slightly unequal and somewhat asymmetrical. Apex acuminate. Base cuneate, sometimes subtruncate. Upper surfaces moderately pilose; lower surfaces moderately to densely velvety pilose, the hairs yellowish brown, blades chartaceous. Margins serrulate or denticulate. Lower surface with veins raised. Petioles 1.5–10 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, densely villous throughout, peduncles 3–6 mm long, pedicels 0–3 mm long, bracts narrowly elliptic–ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 6–14 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, tubular–funnelform, 16–25 mm long, cleft ca. ¼–⅖ its length, densely villous, the lobes narrowly deltate to linear–deltate, usually somewhat unequal, 4–10 mm long, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla (only 1 seen) bilabiate, white, tube cylindrical, slightly curved, 16–18 mm long, ca. 4–5 mm in diameter medially, scarcely exserted from calyx, densely villous externally, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes lanceolate, ca. 3.5–4 mm long, ca. 1.5–2 mm wide, lower lobes narrowly ovate, ca. 4–4.5 mm long. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, glabrous, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 3 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Berries (only a single smashed one seen) ca. 2 cm long; apparently enclosed by but eventually splitting from the persistent calyx. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; usually less than ca. 1 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring along streams and from gulches in stunted wet forest.

Elevation Range: 240–900 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:763 (K [as C. kealiae]), 766 (K [as C. limahuliensis]); Wagner & Lorence 2000:17 (Syn. C. limahuliensis = C. kealiae subsp. kealiae, DESCR)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 207 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
2 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 207 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
3 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 207 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
4 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wawra, H. 2192 Kauai BISH 1869-01-01
5 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 25991 Kauai BISH
6 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Stunted forest dominated by Metrosideros and Dicranopteris on boggy substrate. Preserved_Specimen Shurb of five ft. growing up through Dicranopteris in small ravine. Leaves dark green above, paler below. Flynn, T.W. 2054 Kauai BISH 1987-02-21
7 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common along stream in moist woods Preserved_Specimen Fls. white, lvs. pale green beneath, green above, hispid above, pubescent beneath. St.John, H. 13977 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
8 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 207 Kauai BISH
9 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Stream bottom in shade. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 5-6 ft. tall with lossely branched character. Leaves have reddish hair like Cyrtandra kealiae but the leaves are broader looking. Flowers were the usual white color. Hobdy, R.W. 188 Kauai BISH 1970-04-14
10 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest in gulch Preserved_Specimen Plant 2 ft. tall, few-branched. Christensen, C. 238 Kauai BISH 1977-07-02
11 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet forest in gulch Preserved_Specimen Plant 2 ft. tall, few-branched. Christensen, C. 238 Kauai BISH 1977-07-02
12 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common along stream in moist woods Preserved_Specimen Fls. white, lvs. pale green beneath, green above, hispid above, pale beneath. St.John, H. 13977 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
13 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common in rich shady gulch. Preserved_Specimen 5-8 ft shrub; fls small; fruit typically bursting on one side. Degener, O. 21709 Kauai BISH 1952-01-17
14 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet gulch. Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 211 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
15 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet gulch. Preserved_Specimen Fr white 4 ft tall. Christensen, C. 209 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
16 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common along stream in moist woods Preserved_Specimen Fls. white, lvs. pale green beneath, green above, hispid above, pubescent beneath. St.John, H. 13977 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
17 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet gulch. Preserved_Specimen Fr white 4 ft tall. Christensen, C. 209 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
18 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet gulch. Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 211 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
19 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details on basalt walls around waterfall. Riparian vegetation within hanging valley with patches of Metrosideros lowland wet forest w/Antidesma platyphylla, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Dubautia knudsenii, Psychotria hexandra, Kadua tryblium, Bobea elatior, Ployscias oahuensis, Coprosma kauensis, Cyanea recta, C. fissa, Platydesma Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1 m tall, few branched, in forest understory, in flower and fruit, common, w/ C. heinrichii, C. oenobarba, and C. wawrae, Wood, K.R. 16696 Kauai BISH 2016-01-07
20 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros dominated wet forest with Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Cyanea, and Antidesma with Rubus, Psidium, and Pluchea. In moderate to heavy shade. Preserved_Specimen Shrub of five ft. Stems succulent, medium green; petioles succulent, pale green; leaves dark dull green above with yellow-green midvein, below whitish with pale green raised mid and 2 degree veins; calyx pale green, corolla white. Flynn, T.W. 4794 Kauai BISH 1991-09-04
21 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common along stream in moist woods Preserved_Specimen Fls. white, lvs. pale green beneath, green above, hispid above, pubescent beneath. St.John, H. 13977 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
22 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Almost undisturbed low elevation rain forest. Predominantly Metrosideros, Antidesma, Cibotium, and Dicranopteris. Not uncommon along lateral streams and drainages; with Christella, Vandenboschia and Pipturus. Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 2650 Kauai BISH 1987-12-10
23 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Dicranopteris-Pisonia lowland wet forest. Associated plants: Tetraplasandra, Syzygium, Psychotria, Cyanea, Freycinetia, Broussaisia, Cibotium, Antidesma, Dubautia, Alyxia, Cheirodendron, Boehmeria, Urera, numerous pteridophytes in the shrub layer. Preserved_Specimen 1.5 m tall; in flower; rare in area. Wood, K.R. 1502 Kauai BISH 1991-12-12
24 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1-2 m. tall. St.John, H. 25991 Kauai BISH 1956-12-26
25 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common along stream in moist woods Preserved_Specimen Fls. white, lvs. pale green beneath, green above, hispid above, pubescent beneath. St.John, H. 13977 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
26 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Lowland wet shrubland and wet forest with Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Freycinetia, Dicranopteris, Cibotium, with boggy wet herbland & sedgeland in clearings. Weeds in area Paspalum, Axonopus, Erechtites, plus pigs and goats. Preserved_Specimen Herb 0.5-0.6 m tall, flower buds green. Lorence, D.H. 7396 Kauai BISH 1993-07-02
27 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet gulch. Preserved_Specimen Christensen, C. 211 Kauai BISH 1977-05-30
28 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). At ca. 710 m on slope. Preserved_Specimen Fruit immature. Wagner, W.L. 6057 Kauai BISH 1988-04-10
29 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-dicranopteris lowland wet forest with Gunnera, Anoectochilus, Cyanea hirtella + C. fissa, Cyrtandra heinrichii + C. sp. nov., Pipturus, Sadleria squarrosa + S. pallida. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 2362 Kauai BISH 1993-02-09
30 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1-2 m. tall. St.John, H. 25991 Kauai BISH 1956-12-26
31 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dense wet forest with moderate to heavy Psidium growth, except upper part of valley dominated by Metrosideros with understory of Psychotria, Hedyotis terminalis, Cyanea (3 species), Dicranopteris (in open areas), 3 spp. of Cyrtandra, Labordia hirtella (in upper part). At ca. 710 m on slope. Preserved_Specimen Corolla white, growing above 710 m only. Wagner, W.L. 6056 Kauai BISH 1988-04-10
32 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Ohia dieback and Dicranopteris understory with mixed shrubs. Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 6079 Kauai BISH 1988-04-11
33 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet dripping pali on side of stream, 30 degree slope, dark porous soil, very wet. With ohia, uluhe, Pipturus, Cibotium, Eugenia, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Dubautia. Preserved_Specimen 2 ft. shrub with 3 branches. 3/4 in. diam. Flowers white. Perlman, S. 223 Kauai BISH 1978-09-27
34 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Big lvs. rounder, hairier - calyx lobes triangular. Preserved_Specimen Big leaves rounder, hairier; calyx lobes triangular. Stone, B.C. 1498 Kauai BISH 1956-12-26
35 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common along stream in moist woods Preserved_Specimen Fls. white, lvs. pale green beneath, green above, hispid above, pubescent beneath. St.John, H. 13977 Kauai BISH 1934-01-01
36 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 5 ft tall. Hobdy, R.W. 25 Kauai BISH 1968-11-21
37 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrub of three ft.; leaves dark green above, whitish green below. Flynn, T.W. 2649 Kauai BISH 1987-12-10
38 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 5 ft tall; fruit white, 1/4 in long. Hobdy, R.W. 26 Kauai BISH 1968-11-21
39 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen ~50-60 cm; multibranching; fruit white, corolla white Smith, J.F. 4019 Kauai BISH 2000-09-14
40 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2485 Kauai BISH 1972-06-22
41 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2858 Kauai BISH 1973-01-18
42 Cyrtandra kealiae subsp. kealiae Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 222 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
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